Femoroacetural

Femoroacetabular, often referred to as femoroacetabular impingement or FAI, is a condition characterized by abnormal contact between the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) of the hip joint. This impingement can occur during hip movement, leading to friction and potential damage to the cartilage and labrum of the hip.

There are three main types of femoroacetabular impingement. Cam impingement involves an abnormality in the shape of the femoral head, where excess bone causes it to not fit smoothly into the acetabulum. Pincer impingement occurs when the acetabulum covers too much of the femoral head, leading to excessive contact. A combined type, involving both cam and pincer abnormalities, is also common.

Symptoms of FAI can vary but often include deep hip pain, particularly in the groin area, which may worsen with prolonged sitting, squatting, or physical activity. The pain can also radiate to the buttock or thigh. Stiffness and a limited range of motion in the hip are also frequently reported. Some individuals may experience a clicking or catching sensation in the hip.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination to assess hip range of motion and identify painful movements, and imaging studies such as X-rays and MRI scans to visualize the bony structures and soft tissues of the hip. Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms and the type of impingement. Conservative management may include rest, activity modification, physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve flexibility, and anti-inflammatory medications. In cases where conservative treatments are insufficient or for more severe impingement, surgical intervention may be considered. Arthroscopic surgery can be used to reshape the bone and repair any labral tears.