Femoroacetabulär

Femoroacetabulär impingement, often abbreviated as FAI, is a condition characterized by abnormal contact between the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) of the hip joint. This occurs when there are irregularities in the shape of either the femoral head or the acetabulum, or both. These bony abnormalities lead to friction and impingement during certain hip movements, particularly flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.

There are two primary types of FAI: Cam impingement and Pincer impingement. Cam impingement involves an abnormality in the shape of the femoral head, where there is an excess of bone at the junction of the femoral head and neck. Pincer impingement involves an abnormality in the acetabulum, where the socket is too deep or has an overhanging rim. A mixed type, involving both Cam and Pincer features, is also common.

The symptoms of FAI can vary but commonly include deep groin pain, especially with activity. This pain may radiate to the buttock or thigh. Stiffness in the hip and a clicking or catching sensation during movement are also frequently reported. Over time, the repetitive impingement can lead to damage of the acetabular labrum, a ring of cartilage that deepens the socket, and can eventually contribute to osteoarthritis of the hip. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays and MRI scans to visualize the bony morphology and soft tissues of the hip. Treatment options range from conservative measures like activity modification, physical therapy, and pain management to surgical intervention aimed at correcting the underlying bony abnormalities and repairing any associated labral tears.