Feedbackpfad

A Feedbackpfad, or feedback loop, is a fundamental concept in systems theory and cybernetics. It describes a pathway where the output of a system is fed back as input, influencing the system's subsequent behavior. This creates a circular causal relationship. Feedback loops are essential for regulation, control, and adaptation in a wide range of systems, from biological organisms to engineered devices and social structures.

There are two primary types of feedback paths: positive feedback and negative feedback. In a negative feedback path, the feedback signal opposes the initial change in the system. This tends to stabilize the system and maintain it within a desired range, acting as a regulatory mechanism. For example, the regulation of body temperature in humans involves negative feedback. If body temperature rises, mechanisms are activated to cool it down, and vice versa.

In contrast, a positive feedback path amplifies the initial change, driving the system further away from its initial state. This can lead to rapid growth, escalation, or even instability. An example of positive feedback is the spread of an epidemic, where each infected individual infects more people, leading to an exponential increase in cases. Understanding the nature and strength of feedback paths is crucial for analyzing and designing complex systems.