Farms

Farms are tracts of land used for agricultural production, often containing buildings and infrastructure such as barns, silos, and irrigation systems. They may cultivate crops, raise animals, or do both, and are typically owned by individuals, families, cooperatives, or corporate entities. Farms form the core of agricultural systems.

Common farm types include arable farms, which grow crops such as grains, vegetables, and fruits; livestock farms, which raise cattle, sheep, pigs, or poultry; dairy farms; mixed farms combining crops and animals; and horticultural farms focusing on flowers and specialty crops. There are also organic and specialty operations.

Operations usually begin with land preparation and planting, followed by irrigation, fertilization, pest and weed control, and ongoing crop or animal management. Harvesting, processing, storage, and transportation are essential post-harvest steps. In many systems, breeding and genetics programs improve yields and resilience.

Farms contribute to food security and rural economies, supporting employment and local services. They operate within markets and regulatory frameworks, and may receive subsidies, credit, or insurance. Scale and practices are influenced by climate, soil, and policy environments.

Farming consumes natural resources and impacts ecosystems. Sustainable practices aim to maintain soil health, conserve water, protect biodiversity, reduce emissions, and manage waste. Adaptation to climate change, precision agriculture, and agroecology are increasingly integrated into modern farming.