Farmakokineticky

Farmakokineticky refers to the study of how a drug moves through the body over time. It encompasses four primary processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, often summarized by the acronym ADME. Absorption describes the rate and extent to which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration. Distribution refers to the reversible transfer of a drug from one compartment of the body to another, such as from the blood to tissues. Metabolism, also known as biotransformation, involves the chemical alteration of a drug by the body, typically in the liver, to make it easier to excrete. Excretion is the irreversible removal of the drug and its metabolites from the body, primarily through the kidneys in urine, but also via feces, bile, sweat, and exhaled air. Understanding these pharmacokinetic principles is crucial for determining appropriate drug dosages, dosing intervals, and routes of administration to achieve therapeutic effects while minimizing toxicity. It helps predict how an individual will respond to a medication based on factors like age, disease state, and genetic makeup. The study of pharmacokinetics bridges the gap between the dose of a drug administered and the concentration of the drug at its site of action.