Falsifiés

Falsifiés is the plural masculine form of the French adjective falsifié, meaning "forged" or "falsified." It is used to describe objects, documents, data, or claims that have been altered or misrepresented with the intent to deceive about their origin, authorship, or authenticity. The term derives from falsifier, from the Latin falsus "false."

Common contexts include counterfeit or altered documents (passports, visas, licenses, contracts), artworks and antiquities misattributed to other artists or periods, and scientific or historical data that has been altered to mislead. Falsifiés also applies to products with deceptive labeling, medicines that do not contain the stated ingredients or dosage, and financial instruments or signatures that have been forged. In the digital realm, falsifiés can describe images, videos, or metadata created to mislead, such as deepfakes or manipulated records.

Detection and prevention rely on authentication and provenance. Methods include forensic document examination, spectroscopy and ink dating, handwriting or signature verification, and chain-of-custody records. Increasingly, technologies such as cryptographic provenance, blockchain, digital watermarks, and tamper-evident packaging support verification and traceability.

Legal and ethical dimensions: many jurisdictions treat falsifications as crimes of forgery and fraud, with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment. Civil liability, recalls, and anti-counterfeiting measures also apply. International efforts address cross-border forgeries in art, currency, and trade.

See also: forgery, falsification, authenticity, provenance, deepfake.