FSGD

FSGD stands for Feline Segmental Glomerulonephritis. It is a kidney condition that affects cats, characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the small filtering units within the kidneys. This inflammation is often segmental, meaning it affects only a portion of the glomerulus, rather than the entire structure.

The exact cause of FSGD is not always understood, but it is believed to be an immune-mediated disease in many cases. This means the cat's own immune system mistakenly attacks its kidney tissue. Other potential contributing factors can include infections, toxins, or certain medications.

Symptoms of FSGD can vary depending on the severity of the kidney damage. Some cats may show no signs initially, while others might exhibit increased thirst and urination, lethargy, decreased appetite, weight loss, or vomiting. In more advanced stages, signs of kidney failure may become apparent.

Diagnosis of FSGD typically involves a combination of blood and urine tests to assess kidney function. Urinalysis can reveal protein loss, and blood work may show elevated levels of waste products like urea and creatinine. A definitive diagnosis often requires a kidney biopsy, where a small sample of kidney tissue is examined under a microscope.

Treatment for FSGD focuses on managing the symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. This can include dietary changes, fluid therapy to combat dehydration, medications to control blood pressure, and immunosuppressive drugs if an immune-mediated cause is suspected. The prognosis for FSGD can range from fair to guarded, depending on the extent of kidney damage at the time of diagnosis.