Ezetimibia

Ezetimibia is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. It is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, meaning it works by blocking the absorption of cholesterol from the intestines. Ezetimibia is typically prescribed for people who have high cholesterol that cannot be adequately controlled with diet and exercise alone, or for those who cannot tolerate statins. It is often used in combination with a statin medication for a more significant reduction in LDL cholesterol, commonly known as "bad" cholesterol.

The mechanism of action for ezetimibia involves targeting the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, which is located in the brush border of the small intestine. By inhibiting this protein, ezetimibia reduces the amount of dietary and biliary cholesterol that is absorbed into the bloodstream. This leads to a decrease in cholesterol delivered to the liver, which in turn prompts the liver to increase the uptake of cholesterol from the blood, thereby lowering overall cholesterol levels.

Ezetimibia is usually taken orally as a tablet, once a day. Common side effects can include diarrhea, fatigue, and muscle pain, although these are generally mild. Serious side effects are rare but can include liver problems and allergic reactions. It is important for patients to discuss their medical history and any other medications they are taking with their doctor before starting ezetimibia, as it can interact with certain drugs. Ezetimibia is not a substitute for a heart-healthy diet and lifestyle.