Eyeshadow

Eyeshadow is a cosmetic product used to color and define the eyelids and surrounding areas. It can enhance eye color, create depth, and alter perceived shape. Formulations include powder (pressed or loose), cream, gel, and liquid. Finishes range from matte to satin, shimmer, frost, and metallic, and shades are available in neutral, cool, warm, and bold tones.

Powder eyeshadows typically rely on pigments bound with talc, mica, and binder systems, while cream and gel varieties use waxes and oils for slip and adhesion. Liquid formulas may rely on film-forming polymers and silicones. All formulations aim for color payoff, blendability, and wear, with some products including glitter or reflective particles that can affect texture and fallout.

Application usually begins with a primer or concealer to create a smooth base. Color is applied to the lid and/or crease and blended to avoid harsh edges. Lighter shades can highlight the inner corner, while darker tones add definition at the crease or along the lash line. Tools include brushes of varying density, sponge applicators, or fingertip techniques. Layering and careful blending produce soft gradients or more defined looks. Brands offer vegan, cruelty-free, fragrance-free, or hypoallergenic options.

History and regulation: Eye makeup has ancient origins in civilizations such as Egypt and Mesopotamia, where pigments were used on the eyelids. In modern times, formulations evolved with synthetic pigments and varied finishes. Cosmetic regulation varies by country and governs labeling, safety testing, and claims.