Extravasatsioonialale

Extravasatsioonialale, or extravasation area, refers to the site where a substance intended for intravenous administration has leaked out of the intended blood vessel and into the surrounding tissues. This can occur during the administration of various medications, including chemotherapy drugs, contrast agents for imaging procedures, and other intravenous fluids. Factors contributing to extravasation include fragile veins, improper needle placement, high injection pressure, and patient movement during infusion.

The consequences of extravasation vary widely depending on the nature of the substance that has leaked. Some substances, such as simple saline, may cause minimal irritation or discomfort. However, more caustic agents, like certain chemotherapy drugs, can lead to significant tissue damage, including blistering, necrosis, and ulceration. This damage can be painful and may require specialized medical management, such as specific antidotes or surgical intervention.

Preventing extravasation involves careful attention to technique during intravenous line insertion and drug administration. Healthcare professionals are trained to monitor the infusion site for signs of leakage, such as swelling, redness, pain, or a change in the flow rate of the infusion. Prompt recognition and management of extravasation are crucial to minimize potential harm to the patient. Treatment protocols are specific to the type of agent extravasated and aim to neutralize the substance, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.