Explicativus

Explicativus is a term used in linguistics to describe a type of clause, often a relative clause, whose primary function is to explain or restate the referent of its head noun rather than to identify or restrict it. The word derives from Latin explicativus, meaning “explaining” or “explicative.” In linguistic descriptions, explicativus clauses are treated as explicative or appositive in nature, providing clarification, paraphrase, or interpretation of the antecedent.

In use, explicativus clauses tend to supply information that clarifies how the referent is understood, rather than introducing essential defining detail. They are often discussed in contrast to restrictive (defining) relative clauses, which serve to narrow the set of entities being talked about, and to nonrestrictive (appositive) clauses in everyday English usage. The exact syntactic treatment of explicativus clauses can vary across languages and theoretical frameworks, but their common thread is the elucidation of meaning rather than identification.

Cross-linguistically, some languages have dedicated markers or clear prosodic/punctuation cues for explicativus relatives, while others use the same relative-clause structures with context or punctuation signaling explicative force. In many modern grammars, the explicativus category appears mainly in discussions of appositive or explanatory structures, and its status as a separate typology is not universal.

In scholarship, explicativus is encountered in historical grammar, typological studies, and discussions of languages with rich relative-clause systems. It is less common as a standing category in contemporary English-focused syntax, where explanatory or appositive functions are typically described without naming a distinct explicativus class.