Exosuits

Exosuits are wearable devices that augment human movement by applying controlled actuation to the limbs. They aim to increase strength, endurance, or mobility during activities such as walking or lifting. Exosuits favor lightweight, compliant interfaces—often soft fabrics or minimal frames—to minimize interference with natural motion and may be powered or passive. They differ from rigid exoskeletons mainly in emphasis on assistance and motion flexibility.

Most exosuits include actuators, sensors, a control system, and a power source. Actuators—electric motors, hydraulics, pneumatics, or tendon-driven systems—provide joint torque. Sensors such as inertial measurement units, force sensors, or EMG detect intent and movement. A control algorithm times and scales assistance; transmission elements like cables or linkages connect actuators to joints. Batteries balance capacity, weight, and heat management.

Exosuits vary from soft, fabric-based designs to lightweight rigid frames, and can target ankle, knee, or hip joints or offer partial to full-body assistance. Applications include industrial lifting to reduce back strain, rehabilitation and mobility support for patients, and load carrying in military or disaster-response contexts. Research in academia and industry aims to improve comfort, efficiency, and real-world usability.

Limitations include battery life, weight, heat, fit, cost, and the need for user training. Effectiveness depends on task and user, and safety considerations are ongoing. The field continues to explore soft actuation, more efficient power systems, and better intent recognition and control strategies.