Eurycea

Eurycea is a genus of lungless salamanders belonging to the family Plethodontidae. These salamanders are predominantly found in the eastern United States, with some species extending into northeastern Mexico. The genus name "Eurycea" is derived from Greek, meaning "wide dwelling," reflecting their diverse habitats.

Species within the Eurycea genus are characterized by their slender bodies, relatively long tails, and typically smooth skin. Coloration varies widely, ranging from drab browns and grays to more vibrant patterns of yellow, orange, or red, often with spots or stripes. They are lungless, breathing through their skin and the lining of their mouths.

These salamanders are primarily terrestrial or semi-aquatic, inhabiting moist environments such as forests, woodlands, caves, and along the edges of streams and springs. Many species are fossorial, spending much of their time underground. Their diet consists mainly of small invertebrates like insects, spiders, and worms.

Reproduction in Eurycea typically involves internal fertilization. Females lay clutches of eggs, often in water or moist terrestrial locations, and may guard them until hatching. Larval stages can be aquatic or terrestrial depending on the species. Some species exhibit neoteny, retaining larval features into adulthood. The genus includes several well-known species such as the Southern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea cirrigera) and the Long-tailed Salamander (Eurycea longicauda). Conservation status varies among species, with some facing threats from habitat loss and degradation.