Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) are a class of metal-complex fungicides based on two dithiocarbamate groups linked by an ethylene bridge. They form coordination compounds with metals such as manganese, zinc, or copper. Commercial EBDC products include maneb, mancozeb, zineb, and ziram, commonly sold as water-dispersible formulations for agricultural use.

Use and activity: EBDCs are broad-spectrum fungicides applied to a wide range of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals, as well as in postharvest protection. They act by inhibiting fungal enzymes that require metal cofactors and by forming a protective film on plant surfaces; some act systemically to some extent.

Environmental fate and safety: EBDCs can degrade in soil and water to ethylene thiourea (ETU) and other products; ETU has raised health concerns and has led to regulatory scrutiny regarding residues in food. They may be toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause irritation to skin and eyes in exposed individuals; handling requires standard crop-protection PPE.

Regulation: The use of EBDCs is subject to regional regulations that control application rates, pre-harvest intervals, and allowable residues. Some jurisdictions have imposed restrictions or phase-outs of certain EBDC products due to ETU formation, environmental concerns, and residue limits. They remain in use in some areas under strict guidelines.