Esternotomía

Esternotomía is a surgical procedure that involves the opening of the sternum, or breastbone. This intervention is typically performed to access the heart and great vessels, particularly in cases of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or valve repair. The procedure is named after the Greek words "sterno," meaning breastbone, and "tomia," meaning cutting.

The sternum is a strong, flat bone that protects the heart and lungs. To perform esternotomía, surgeons make an incision through the breastbone, usually in the fourth or fifth intercostal space. The sternum is then divided using a bone saw or other cutting tools. This creates a window through which the heart and surrounding structures can be accessed.

Esternotomía is a major surgical procedure that requires specialized training and equipment. It is typically performed under general anesthesia, and the patient is placed on a heart-lung bypass machine to maintain circulation during the operation. The procedure can take several hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

Recovery from esternotomía can be lengthy and may involve several weeks of hospitalization. Patients may experience pain, discomfort, and limited mobility during the recovery period. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are often recommended to help patients regain strength and mobility.

Esternotomía is a critical procedure in cardiovascular surgery, allowing surgeons to perform complex operations on the heart and great vessels. However, it is also a major surgical intervention with significant risks and potential complications. As with any surgical procedure, the decision to perform esternotomía should be carefully considered and discussed with a healthcare provider.