Erythroxylaceae

Erythroxylaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. The family comprises three genera and about 250 species. The most well-known genus in the family is Erythroxylum, which contains the coca plant, Erythroxylum coca. This plant is the source of the stimulant cocaine. Other members of the Erythroxylaceae family are typically shrubs or small trees found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and Africa.

The leaves of Erythroxylaceae plants are usually simple and alternate, and they often have small stipules at the base. The flowers are typically small and inconspicuous, with five petals. The fruit is a small drupe, which is often red or orange when ripe.

Members of the Erythroxylaceae family have a variety of uses. The coca plant is historically and culturally significant in the Andes region, where its leaves have been chewed for their stimulant properties. Some species are also used in traditional medicine. However, due to the presence of cocaine, Erythroxylum coca is a controlled substance in many parts of the world. Other species in the family have less significant economic or cultural importance, though some may be used for timber or ornamental purposes. The ecological roles of Erythroxylaceae species vary, with some contributing to forest structure and providing food for wildlife.