Erythraea

Erythraea is a genus name historically used for a group of flowering plants in the family Gentianaceae. In modern classification, Erythraea is generally treated as a synonym or subgenus of Centaurium, and the species once placed in Erythraea are typically listed under Centaurium in current floras. The best-known species associated with the name is Centaurium erythraea, commonly called common centaury, which was formerly referred to as Erythraea centaurium.

Characteristics attributed to plants once placed in Erythraea are those typical of many Centaurium species: herbaceous, annual or short-lived perennial plants with opposite leaves and small, tubular flowers arranged in loose clusters. The flowers are usually pink to pinkish-lilac, with five petals forming a small corolla, and they develop into a capsule as fruit.

Distribution and habitat for the group include native ranges across Europe and western Asia, with the genus having a broader presence in temperate regions through naturalization. Habitats commonly include meadows, grassy fields, waste ground, and other open, well-drained soils. These plants often favor disturbed or easy-to-establish sites and can tolerate calcareous soils.

Uses and information on effects: Centaurium erythraea and related taxa have a long history in traditional herbal medicine and as bitter tonics to aid digestion and stimulate appetite. Modern scientific evidence for clinical efficacy is limited, and use is generally aligned with traditional practices. As with many medicinal herbs, consultation with a qualified professional is advised before use.

See also: Centaurium, Gentianaceae, common centaury.