Erlikhan

Erlikhan is a significant figure in Turkic and Mongolian mythology, primarily known as the ruler of the underworld and the god of death and evil. He is often depicted as a dark, malevolent deity who presides over the realm of the dead, a place of torment and suffering. In various cosmologies, Erlikhan is seen as a counterpoint to the benevolent sky gods, representing the forces of chaos and destruction in contrast to creation and order.

The origins of Erlikhan can be traced back to ancient shamanistic beliefs. In these traditions, he is frequently described as having been cast out of the heavenly realm for his pride or disobedience, leading to his dominion over the lower world. His dwelling is often portrayed as a subterranean kingdom filled with dark spirits and demons. He is believed to influence human lives through misfortune, illness, and ultimately, death.

Erlikhan's mythology often involves narratives of his attempts to usurp the power of the sky gods or to deceive and harm humanity. Shamans, in their spiritual journeys, would sometimes confront Erlikhan or his minions to appease them or to retrieve the souls of the deceased. While he is primarily associated with evil, some interpretations suggest a more complex role, perhaps as a necessary force for maintaining balance in the cosmic order, as death is a natural part of the cycle of life. Rituals and offerings were sometimes made to appease Erlikhan and prevent his malevolent influence.