Epähydratoituneisuus

Epähydratoituneisuus, often referred to as dehydration in English, is a state where the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This imbalance disrupts normal bodily functions, as water is essential for a multitude of physiological processes, including temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and waste removal.

The causes of dehydration can vary. Common reasons include insufficient fluid intake, particularly during hot weather or intense physical activity. Vomiting and diarrhea also lead to significant fluid and electrolyte loss. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, and some medications, like diuretics, can increase the risk of dehydration. Infants and the elderly are particularly vulnerable due to their reduced ability to sense thirst or regulate fluid balance effectively.

Symptoms of dehydration range in severity. Mild dehydration may present with thirst, dry mouth, and reduced urine output. As dehydration progresses, symptoms can include fatigue, dizziness, confusion, sunken eyes, and a rapid heart rate. Severe dehydration is a medical emergency that can lead to shock, organ damage, and even death if not treated promptly.

Treatment involves rehydration, typically by consuming fluids like water, electrolyte-rich drinks, or oral rehydration solutions. In severe cases, intravenous fluid administration may be necessary. Prevention is key and involves ensuring adequate fluid intake throughout the day, especially during periods of increased fluid loss.