Episcopes
Episcopes are a type of projection device used to display enlarged images of opaque objects. Historically, they were also known as epidiascopes or overhead projectors. An episcope functions by using a bright light source to illuminate the object placed on a flat surface. The light reflects off the object and passes through a lens system, which then projects the magnified image onto a screen or wall. Unlike diascope projectors which work with transparent slides or films, episcopes are designed for solid, non-transparent materials such as photographs, book pages, or small three-dimensional items.
The development of episcopes allowed for the visual presentation of a wide range of materials that could