Epiglottisblatt

Epiglottisblatt, also known as epiglottitis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epiglottis, a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue that covers the glottis (the entrance to the larynx) during swallowing. This condition is typically caused by infection, most commonly by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), but it can also be caused by other pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or viruses. Epiglottitis is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent life-threatening complications such as airway obstruction and respiratory failure.

The symptoms of epiglottitis can be severe and may include difficulty swallowing, drooling, a high-pitched inspiratory stridor (a harsh sound made during breathing), and a feeling of choking or a lump in the throat. In severe cases, patients may experience fever, vomiting, and general malaise. The onset of symptoms is usually rapid, and the condition can progress quickly if left untreated.

Diagnosis of epiglottitis is typically made through a physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans. The condition is often suspected based on the patient's symptoms and clinical presentation, and confirmed through direct visualization of the epiglottis during an endoscopy.

Treatment for epiglottitis involves immediate medical attention, including the administration of antibiotics to combat the infection and supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, intubation and mechanical ventilation may be necessary to maintain an open airway. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome, as delayed intervention can lead to severe complications and even death.

Prevention of epiglottitis involves vaccination, particularly the Hib vaccine, which is recommended for children to protect against Hib infection. Additionally, maintaining good hygiene practices and avoiding exposure to individuals with respiratory infections can help reduce the risk of contracting epiglottitis.