Entwicklungstoxizität

Entwicklungstoxizität refers to adverse effects on developing organisms during prenatal or postnatal development. These effects can manifest in various ways, including structural abnormalities (malformations), growth retardation, functional deficits, or death of the embryo or fetus. The developing organism is particularly vulnerable to chemical exposures due to its rapid cell division, differentiation, and organogenesis.

These toxic effects can be induced by a wide range of agents, known as teratogens. Teratogens can include certain medications, industrial chemicals, environmental pollutants, infectious agents, and even maternal conditions like uncontrolled diabetes or infections. The timing of exposure during gestation is often critical, as different developmental stages have specific sensitivities. For example, exposure during early organogenesis might lead to major structural malformations, while later exposure could affect growth or functional development.

Assessing entwicklungstoxizität is a crucial part of regulatory toxicology and drug development. Studies in laboratory animals are used to identify potential teratogenic risks before a substance is used in humans. These studies typically involve exposing pregnant animals to various doses of the substance and then examining the offspring for any developmental abnormalities. Understanding the mechanisms by which teratogens exert their effects is an ongoing area of research, aiming to better predict and prevent these adverse outcomes.