Ennedi

Ennedi is a geographic region in northeastern Chad, in the Sahara. It encompasses the Ennedi Massif, a vast sandstone plateau that rises dramatically above the desert basin. The landscape includes towering mesas, natural arches and bridges, deep canyons, and weather-sculpted pillars, forming one of the most striking desert terrains in Africa.

Geography and geology: The massif spans parts of the former Borkou-Ennedi-Tama region, including areas known as Ennedi-Est and Ennedi-Ouest. Erosion by wind and intermittent water has produced arches, bridges and slender spires in orange to pink sandstone.

Biology and climate: The region is arid with extreme temperatures. Vegetation is sparse, limited to drought-tolerant shrubs and grasses near seasonal watercourses. The area hosts desert-adapted fauna and serves as a corridor for nomadic wildlife.

History and culture: The rock surfaces bear prehistoric petroglyphs and paintings, indicating long-standing human presence. The Ennedi has been home to nomadic and semi-nomadic communities whose routes and livelihoods reflect the desert environment.

Conservation and access: Ennedi Massif is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a protected area, recognized for its natural beauty and cultural significance. Access is difficult due to remote location and limited infrastructure; visitors typically travel with guides, with respect for local communities and ecological constraints. The region draws researchers and adventure travelers for photography, geology, and archaeology.