Endarterectomía

Endarterectomía is a surgical procedure to remove plaque buildup from the inner lining of an artery. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, can narrow the artery and restrict blood flow, increasing the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular problems. The most common artery treated with endarterectomy is the carotid artery in the neck, which supplies blood to the brain.

During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision to access the affected artery. The artery is then temporarily clamped to stop blood flow. An incision is made along the length of the narrowed section of the artery, and the atherosclerotic plaque is carefully dissected and removed. Once the plaque is cleared, the artery is closed, usually by suturing the incision or using a patch to widen the artery. The clamps are then removed, restoring blood flow.

Endarterectomía is typically performed under general or local anesthesia. Recovery time varies, but patients often stay in the hospital for a few days. Potential risks include bleeding, infection, stroke, or damage to nearby nerves. The procedure is considered effective in preventing future cardiovascular events in patients with significant arterial narrowing. Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, are usually recommended after surgery to help prevent plaque recurrence.