Emetische

Emetische is a term that can refer to several related concepts, primarily concerning the induction of vomiting. In a medical context, an emetic is a substance that causes vomiting. Emetics are sometimes used in cases of poisoning to remove ingested toxins from the stomach, though their use has become less common due to concerns about effectiveness and potential side effects. The decision to use an emetic is made by medical professionals and depends on factors such as the type of poison, the amount ingested, and the time elapsed since ingestion.

Historically, certain plants and substances were known for their emetic properties and were used in traditional medicine. For example, ipecacuanha, derived from the roots of the ipecac plant, was a widely used emetic. However, its routine use in out-of-hospital poisoning management has largely been discontinued in many countries due to evidence suggesting it offers little benefit and can sometimes cause complications.

The act of vomiting itself is known as emesis. It is a complex physiological reflex involving the coordinated contraction of abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, leading to the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the esophagus and mouth. Nausea often precedes emesis, serving as a warning sign. Various factors can trigger emesis, including the ingestion of irritant substances, motion sickness, infections, certain medications, and neurological conditions. While emesis can be a protective mechanism, it can also lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if severe or prolonged.