Embolizácia

Embolizácia is a medical procedure used to intentionally block blood flow to a specific area of the body. This is typically achieved by introducing an embolus, which can be a small particle, a coil, a gel foam, or a liquid substance, into a blood vessel. The embolus travels through the bloodstream until it reaches a vessel that is too narrow to pass through, effectively creating a blockage.

The primary purpose of embolization is to stop or reduce bleeding, often in cases of trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, or bleeding from ruptured blood vessels like aneurysms. It is also employed to treat tumors by cutting off their blood supply, which can starve the tumor and inhibit its growth or make it easier for surgical removal. In some instances, embolization is used to manage arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), abnormal connections between arteries and veins, by closing off these problematic vessels.

The procedure is usually performed by interventional radiologists or vascular surgeons using minimally invasive techniques. A catheter is guided through a blood vessel, typically from an artery in the groin, to the target area. Imaging guidance, such as fluoroscopy or angiography, is crucial to precisely place the catheter and deliver the embolizing agent. While generally safe, potential complications can include pain, bruising at the insertion site, or the unintended blocking of healthy blood vessels. The recovery time varies depending on the reason for the embolization and the patient's overall health.