Eluvorms

Eluvorms are a proposed group of enigmatic life-forms characterized by translucent, faceted bodies formed from a flexible organic-siliceous matrix. Reported from eluviated coastal caves and subterranean water systems, their size ranges from a few centimeters to over a decimeter. Their biology is poorly understood, and their placement within the tree of life remains a matter of debate.

Eluvorms possess polygonal external plates and an internal gel-like network. They move by slow cytoplasmic flow and pulsatile expansion, and emit faint bioluminescence under low light. They lack a centralized nervous system and feed by absorbing dissolved organic matter and filtering fine detritus. Reproduction occurs asexually by fragmentation or budding, sometimes forming temporary aggregations.

Habitat and distribution: Documented mainly in mineral-rich waters where eluviation concentrates silica and other ions. They are known from temperate coastal karst regions and cave systems; reports from other climates are anecdotal and require verification.

Ecology and life cycle: Eluvorms contribute to mineral cycling by concentrating silica and other ions and harbor microbial communities within their matrices. These microbes may provide energy through chemosynthesis or symbiotic pathways. The organisms can serve as microhabitats for smaller invertebrates and influence sediment stability in cave and coastal environments.

Taxonomy and research: Since modern reports emerged, eluvorms have puzzled taxonomists. They are tentatively placed in a provisional phylum Eluvormata, though many scholars treat them as a distinct life-form. Research relies on micro-imaging, spectroscopy, isotopic analysis, and environmental DNA to resolve their nature.

Conservation and potential significance: Eluvorms attract interest for biomineralization studies and materials science, but disturbance to their habitats may disrupt microbial partners and mineral cycles.