Elektrolüüsraaffin

Elektrolüüsraaffin refers to a process used in metallurgy and chemistry, specifically a type of electrolysis. It is employed for the purification of metals, particularly those that are difficult to refine using other methods. The fundamental principle involves using an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, separating a desired metal from impurities.

In the context of refining, a crude metal, known as the anode, is placed in an electrolytic cell containing a solution of the metal's ions, acting as the electrolyte. A thin sheet of pure metal serves as the cathode. When an electric current is passed through the cell, metal atoms from the impure anode dissolve into the electrolyte as positive ions. These metal ions then migrate towards the negatively charged cathode, where they gain electrons and deposit as pure metal. Impurities present in the anode that are less reactive than the target metal will not dissolve and will fall to the bottom of the cell as anode sludge, while more reactive impurities will remain dissolved in the electrolyte.

This technique is highly effective in producing metals of very high purity, often exceeding 99.9%. Common applications include the refining of copper, nickel, silver, and gold. The purity achieved through electrolysis makes these metals suitable for demanding applications in electronics, jewelry, and other industries where even minor contaminants can significantly affect performance. The process requires careful control of voltage, current density, and electrolyte composition to ensure efficient and selective deposition of the pure metal.