Elektrolüütkondensaator

Elektrolüütkondensaator is a type of capacitor that uses an electrolyte to achieve a large capacitive charge. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized, meaning they have a positive and a negative terminal, and must be connected correctly in a circuit. The positive terminal is connected to an anode foil, which is coated with a thin insulating oxide layer. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric. The negative terminal is connected to an electrolyte, which can be either liquid or solid, and serves as the cathode. The electrolyte makes electrical contact with the oxide layer and the cathode terminal. The construction of electrolytic capacitors allows for a much higher capacitance per unit volume compared to other capacitor types, making them suitable for applications where space is a consideration and large capacitance values are needed. They are commonly found in power supply filtering, decoupling, and energy storage circuits. However, electrolytic capacitors generally have a lower voltage rating, a wider tolerance, and a higher leakage current compared to other capacitor technologies. Their performance can also degrade over time, especially with exposure to high temperatures. Common types include aluminum electrolytic capacitors and tantalum electrolytic capacitors, each with its own specific characteristics and applications.