Elcykel

An elcykel is a bicycle equipped with an integrated electric motor that provides assistance to the rider. Most elcykler are pedal-assist (pedelecs), where the motor activates when the rider pedals. Some models include a throttle that can propel the bike without pedaling, or a combination of both.

In many regions, elcykler are classified by motor power and speed. In the European Union, pedelecs with a motor up to 250 watts and assistance up to 25 km/h are considered bicycles and generally do not require a license, registration, or insurance. The rider remains responsible for safety and traffic rules. Throttle-only or higher-performance electric bicycles may fall outside this category and face stricter regulation in some countries.

Technology and components: elcykler commonly use hub motors (front or rear) or mid-drive motors connected to a torque or cadence sensor. The energy source is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, typically 36–48 volts, with capacity often ranging from 300 to 700 watt-hours. Range depends on battery capacity, assist level, terrain, rider weight, and riding style, but many bikes offer 40–160 kilometers per charge. Charging usually takes several hours.

Advantages and considerations: elcykler enable easier commuting, longer rides, and cargo transport while reducing reliance on cars. They add weight and cost and require charging infrastructure and maintenance. Safety and traffic integration are important, as with any cycling mode.

History and development: electric assistance for bicycles emerged in the late 1990s and gained rapid adoption in Europe and parts of Asia and North America during the 2010s, driven by advances in batteries, motors, and control systems.