Einstreu

Einstreu is the term used in German-speaking agriculture for the material spread on the floor of animal housing to form a absorbent and insulating layer. In English, it is generally called bedding or litter. The practice helps keep animals dry, provides thermal comfort, reduces friction injuries, and aids in odor control by absorbing urine and feces. The word derives from einstreuen, meaning to scatter or spread.

Common materials that serve as Einstreu include straw, hay, wood shavings, and sawdust, as well as shredded paper, peat, coconut fibre, and hemp. The choice depends on the species, housing system, cost, and regional availability. Straw is traditional for cattle and horses and offers insulation but can harbor mold and pests if damp. Wood shavings and sawdust absorb moisture well and are widely used in pig and poultry housing, yet dust and respiratory irritation can be concerns. Paper-based or recycled materials may reduce costs and improve hygiene, but care must be taken to avoid contaminants. Some materials are unsuitable for certain animals or climates.

Management of Einstreu involves maintaining dry, clean bedding and replacing or refreshing it as needed. Desired depth varies by species and housing design, but bedding should be deep enough to absorb moisture and to cushion animals while allowing access to clean areas. Regular removal of soiled bedding, proper ventilation, and monitoring for mold, pests, and dust are important for animal welfare and hygiene. Environmental considerations include the disposal or recycling of used bedding, which can affect composting, anaerobic digestion, or landfill use.

In practice, the selection and management of Einstreu balance animal welfare, cost, and environmental impact, with guidelines varying by species, climate, and farming system.