EFCC

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) is a Nigerian law enforcement agency created to combat economic and financial crimes. Its remit covers investigations, prosecutions, and asset recovery in offenses such as money laundering, embezzlement, advance-fee fraud (419), cybercrime, and other related financial crimes. The commission also coordinates international cooperation to address cross-border crime and money flows.

The EFCC was established by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Establishment Act of 2002 and was officially inaugurated in 2003. It operates under the supervision of the presidency and the Federal Ministry of Justice, with authority to investigate offenses anywhere in Nigeria and to pursue prosecutions through Nigerian courts. The agency maintains a nationwide presence with offices in states and the Federal Capital Territory, conducting investigations, intelligence gathering, asset tracing, and legal proceedings.

Organizationally, the EFCC is led by an executive chairman and includes divisions focused on operations, investigations, legal matters, intelligence, and asset recovery. It collaborates with other national agencies such as the Nigerian Police, the Independent Corruption Practices Commission (ICPC), and the State Security Service, as well as international partners including Interpol and foreign prosecutors, to enhance cross-border enforcement and evidence sharing.

The EFCC has played a prominent role in Nigeria’s anti-corruption and anti-fraud campaigns, pursuing high-profile cases and asset seizures. It has faced criticisms related to due process, human rights concerns, and debates over political bias and independence. Supporters emphasize its contribution to deterring financial crime and improving governance, while policymakers continue to discuss reforms and accountability measures.