EEgen

EEG (electroencephalography) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique used to record electrical activity in the brain. By placing electrodes on the scalp, EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within neurons of the brain. These fluctuations, known as brainwaves, are categorized by frequency and amplitude, providing insights into brain function, sleep patterns, and neurological disorders.

EEG is widely utilized in clinical settings to diagnose conditions such as epilepsy, encephalitis, and sleep disorders. It is also employed in research to study cognitive processes, including attention, memory, and perception. The technology is portable, cost-effective, and offers real-time data, making it a valuable tool in both medical and scientific applications.

The electrodes used in EEG are typically made of metal (such as silver or gold) and are attached to the scalp with conductive gel to ensure low-resistance contact. The signals are amplified, filtered, and digitized for analysis. While EEG provides high temporal resolution—capable of detecting rapid changes in brain activity—it has lower spatial resolution compared to other imaging modalities like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Advancements in EEG technology, including high-density electrode arrays and wearable devices, have expanded its applications beyond traditional clinical use. These innovations enable continuous monitoring in natural environments, such as in sleep labs or during daily activities. Additionally, EEG is increasingly integrated with other technologies, such as machine learning, to improve diagnostic accuracy and automate data interpretation.

Despite its advantages, EEG has limitations, including susceptibility to artifacts from muscle movement or environmental noise. Proper electrode placement and signal processing techniques are essential to ensure reliable results. Overall, EEG remains a fundamental tool in neuroscience and clinical practice for understanding brain function.