E414

E414, commonly known as acacia gum or gum arabic, is a natural gum exuded by several species of Acacia, principally Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal. It is a complex polysaccharide with a small protein fraction, which gives it both high water solubility and the ability to form stable emulsions. As a result, E414 functions effectively as an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

In food and beverage applications, E414 helps stabilize emulsions, improve texture, and maintain suspension of flavors and pigments. It is widely used in soft drinks, fruit juices, dairy products such as yogurt and ice cream, confectionery, bakery fillings, and sauces. It can also serve as a carrier for flavors, colorants, and active ingredients in various products. Beyond foods, acacia gum is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a thickener and stabilizer, and it may act as a binder in some pharmaceutical formulations.

Manufacture involves harvesting the exudate from the bark of Acacia trees by tapping, followed by purification and drying to produce a soluble powder or bead form. The product is typically processed to achieve different particle sizes and degrees of purity suitable for specific applications.

Regulatory status and safety: E414 is approved for use as a food additive in many jurisdictions and is generally regarded as safe when used within established limits. It is high in soluble fiber and is considered non-toxic for most people; nevertheless, excessive intake can cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals, and rare sensitivities may occur.