E412

E412 is the European food additive code for guar gum, a natural thickening agent derived from the seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Guar gum is a galactomannan polysaccharide with a high molecular weight that dissolves in cold water to form viscous solutions and gels. It is valued for thickening, stabilizing, and texturizing properties and is often used with other thickeners to achieve specific textures.

The gum is produced by milling guar seeds and refining the extract to a white to pale-yellow powder. It is highly water-soluble and forms gels that improve mouthfeel and reduce syneresis in dairy products and other foods. It can interact with other hydrocolloids to modify viscosity and stability.

In the food industry, E412 is used in dairy products (ice cream, yogurt), sauces, dressings, soups, bakery fillings, beverages, and gluten-free products to improve thickness and texture. It is also used in cosmetics and personal care products as a thickener and stabilizer in creams, lotions, toothpaste, and similar formulations.

E412 is permitted as a food additive within EU regulations and is generally considered safe. It is gluten-free and suitable for most diets. Typical use levels are product-specific; excessive intake may cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as gas and bloating due to its high soluble fiber content. Rare allergic reactions have been reported in individuals with legume sensitivities.