E252

E252 is the European food additive code for potassium nitrate, a white crystalline salt used primarily as a curing agent in meat processing. It is also known as saltpetre and is listed for use in various processed foods under regulatory oversight.

Potassium nitrate (chemical formula KNO3) is a naturally occurring mineral salt found in some deposits. In its pure form it is a stable, water-soluble solid that acts as an oxidizer. In food applications, it functions as a preservative and color fixative in cured meats, and it is often used in combination with nitrites to support the curing process.

In food production, E252 is used in meat products such as ham, bacon, sausages, and salamis to help inhibit certain bacteria in anaerobic conditions and to help preserve the characteristic pink-red color of cured meats. It is commonly applied together with nitrite sources, with the two agents contributing to the overall effectiveness and color stability of the product.

Regulation and safety: E252 is permitted as a food additive in many jurisdictions under specified conditions and limits that vary by product and country. Safety considerations include potential health effects from high nitrate intake, including methemoglobinemia, and concerns about the formation of nitrosamines under certain cooking conditions. As a result, regulatory agencies establish maximum usage levels and labeling requirements to manage exposure.

Storage and handling: Potassium nitrate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture and incompatible substances, following standard handling guidelines for food additives.