Dysuri

Dysuri, commonly spelled dysuria, is the sensation of pain, burning, or discomfort during urination. It may also be described as a stinging feeling at the urethral opening or a sense of incomplete emptying. In many cases, dysuri is accompanied by urinary symptoms such as urgency, frequency, or nocturia. It is a symptom rather than a disease and can result from a wide range of conditions.

Common causes include urinary tract infections (including urethritis and cystitis), sexually transmitted infections (such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas), and inflammation of the urethra or bladder. Other contributing factors are vaginal infections in women, prostatitis in men, bladder or kidney stones, chemical or irritant irritation from soaps or spermicides, and, less commonly, medications or radiation. Pregnant individuals, postmenopausal women, and those with a history of recurrent urinary symptoms may be more likely to experience dysuri.

Diagnosis usually starts with a medical history and physical examination. Tests may include a urinalysis and urine culture to detect infection, STI testing as indicated, and pelvic examination in women. If stones or obstruction are suspected, imaging such as ultrasound or CT may be used. In some cases, referral to a specialist is appropriate.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, while STIs require targeted antimicrobial therapy. Pain relief may be provided with short-term medications for urinary comfort. Avoiding irritants, staying hydrated, and treating any contributing vaginal or prostate conditions are important. Seek medical care for fever, back or flank pain, vomiting, blood in urine, severe or persistent symptoms, or if pregnancy is a factor.