Dysorthography

Dysorthography is a specific learning difficulty that affects a person's ability to spell correctly. It is distinct from dyslexia, which primarily impacts reading, although individuals with dyslexia may also experience dysorthography. People with dysorthography struggle with the consistent and accurate application of spelling rules, even after receiving instruction. This difficulty can manifest in various ways, including errors in letter order, omissions, additions, substitutions of letters, and difficulties with vowel and consonant sounds.

The exact causes of dysorthography are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to neurological differences in how the brain processes language and memory. It is not a reflection of intelligence or a lack of effort. Individuals with dysorthography may have trouble remembering the visual form of words, associating sounds with their corresponding letters, or applying spelling patterns and rules. This can lead to a high number of spelling errors that persist over time and are not easily corrected with standard teaching methods.

Diagnosis typically involves assessment by educational psychologists or other specialists who evaluate spelling abilities, phonological awareness, and memory skills. Interventions often focus on multisensory approaches to spelling instruction, breaking down words into smaller components, and providing repeated practice and reinforcement. The goal is to help individuals develop strategies to compensate for their difficulties and improve their spelling accuracy. Support also involves understanding and patience, as the challenges associated with dysorthography can impact academic performance and self-esteem.