Durio

Durio is a genus of tropical fruit trees in the mallow family Malvaceae, native to Southeast Asia and nearby regions. The genus contains about 30 species; Durio zibethinus is the only species widely cultivated for edible fruit, though several others produce fruits eaten locally or used in traditional medicine.

Durio trees are evergreen and can reach notable heights in tropical forests. Leaves are simple and alternate. Most species are dioecious, with separate male and female trees, and flowers that open at night and are pollinated by bats. The fruit is large, oblong to round, with a thick, spiny rind. Inside are creamy arils around seeds; flesh color ranges from pale yellow to red in different species and cultivars, and the aroma is strong and distinctive.

Durio thrives in hot, humid tropical climates with abundant rainfall. Durio zibethinus is grown commercially in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and other Southeast Asian countries; several other species are cultivated locally or harvested from the wild. Fruit production follows regional monsoon cycles and ripe fruits spoil quickly after harvest.

Taxonomically, Durio is placed in Malvaceae; it was previously classified in Bombacaceae. The best-known species, D. zibethinus, dominates global trade, but regional species contribute to local diets and biodiversity.

Durio, particularly the durian fruit, is recognized as a cultural symbol in parts of Southeast Asia. Its fruit is consumed fresh and used in various culinary preparations, though its odor is controversial and can be restricted in public venues.

Some wild Durio species face threats from deforestation and overharvesting, highlighting the need for habitat protection and sustainable management.