Ductal

Ductal is an adjective relating to a duct, a tube or channel that transports fluids such as secretions, bile, or waste within the body. In anatomy, ducts are lined by epithelial cells and can form integral parts of glands or organ systems. Ductal structures are widespread and include the mammary ducts, bile ducts in the liver, pancreatic ducts, salivary ducts, sweat ducts, and lacrimal ducts, among others. The cells lining these channels are typically described as ductal epithelium, and ducts may be simple or branched, with or without muscular walls to aid transport.

In clinical usage, ductal describes tumors, lesions, or conditions arising in or from ductal tissue. Ductal carcinomas are among the most well-known examples, including ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, where malignant cells originate near or within the ductal linings. In the pancreas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a common form of cancer arising from ductal epithelium. Ductal disorders can also involve dilation, obstruction, inflammation, or other pathology of ducts, such as ductal ectasia in the breast or cholangitis affecting bile ducts.

Summary: Ductal denotes a relationship to ducts rather than to a specific disease. Its precise meaning depends on the anatomical context, but it generally points to structures, tissues, or diseases associated with ducts and their epithelial lining.