Dottrina

Dottrina is a term used across disciplines to denote a system of beliefs, teachings, or principles considered authoritative within a particular field. The word comes from Latin doctrina, "instruction" or "teaching," and has developed a broad usage to cover organized bodies of knowledge as well as the methods used to interpret and apply them.

In religion, doctrine refers to official teachings established by religious authorities and transmitted to adherents. Doctrines may be codified as dogma, meaning authoritative and binding beliefs, or more flexible teachings subject to interpretation and debate.

In law, doctrine describes the body of judicial opinions, principles, and rules that guide interpretation of statutes and case outcomes. Legal doctrine can evolve through new rulings, scholarly commentary, and shifts in policy. Examples include the doctrine of precedent or the doctrine of proportionality.

In philosophy, science, and public policy, doctrine denotes a coherent set of ideas or a program of action associated with a school, movement, or institution. It may be praised for consistency or criticized as rigid, depending on evidence and outcomes.

Doctrines are subject to critique and revision as evidence and circumstances change, leading to shifts in consensus within communities and institutions.