Diya

A diya is a small oil lamp, typically made of clay, with a cotton wick dipped in oil or ghee. It is used in Hindu, Jain, Sikh, and Buddhist traditions for religious rituals and festive occasions, especially in South Asia and among diaspora communities.

The term diya derives from the Sanskrit deepa, meaning lamp. The diminutive form diya is commonly used in several Indian languages to refer to these lamps.

Construction and varieties: Diyas are usually small clay lamps that may be plain or decorated. Metal versions exist in brass or bronze. Wicks are placed in the central cavity and lit with a fuel such as sesame oil, mustard oil, coconut oil, or ghee. Some contemporary lamps are designed for multiple wicks or for use with oil-filled reservoirs.

Cultural use: In Diwali, rows of lit diyas illuminate homes, temples, and public spaces. Diyas are also used during pujas (prayers) in festivals such as Navaratri and Kartik Purnima, and in daily household worship.

Symbolism: The diya represents the triumph of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, and prosperity over adversity. Arranging diyas in patterns or in conjunction with rangoli is a common practice during celebrations.

Safety and environmental notes: An open flame requires careful placement away from flammable materials and attentive supervision, especially around children and pets. After use, clay diyas are often cleaned and reused or disposed of, while metal diyas are stored. Many communities also use eco-friendly LED diyas as an alternative.