Diplocystids

Diplocystids are a family of fungi belonging to the order Hymenogastrales. These fungi are known for their hypogeous fruiting bodies, meaning they develop underground. The term "diplocystid" refers to the distinctive double-walled spore structure characteristic of this group. Their sporocarps, or fruiting bodies, are typically somewhat rounded or irregular in shape and range in size from small to moderately large. The internal structure of the sporocarp, known as the gleba, contains the spores. The gleba can vary in texture and color depending on the species. Diplocystids are often found in association with the roots of trees and other plants, forming mycorrhizal relationships. These symbiotic associations are crucial for nutrient exchange between the fungus and the plant. Distribution of diplocystids is generally widespread, occurring in various forest ecosystems across different continents. Identification of specific species within the Diplocystidaceae family relies on a combination of morphological characteristics of the fruiting body and microscopic features of the spores and hyphae. Further research continues to refine the taxonomy and ecological roles of these subterranean fungi.