Dimethylsulfoxid

Dimethylsulfoxid, more commonly called dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO. It is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid at room temperature and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. DMSO has a relatively high boiling point of about 189°C and is classified as a polar aprotic solvent, noted for its ability to dissolve both organic and inorganic substances.

Industrially, DMSO is produced by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide using oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or air in catalytic systems. It is manufactured in large quantities for use as a versatile solvent.

Applications of DMSO are broad. It serves as a common solvent in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical formulation, and polymer processing. In the biological and medical fields, it is used as a cryoprotectant for cells and tissues during freezing and as a topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic in some preparations. It also acts as a permeation enhancer in transdermal delivery systems, facilitating the uptake of other compounds through the skin.

Safety and handling follow standard laboratory practices. DMSO generally shows relatively low acute toxicity but can cause skin and eye irritation. Because it can enhance the penetration of other chemicals through the skin, protective equipment such as gloves and eye protection is recommended. It is compatible with many materials but should be stored away from strong oxidizers and heat. Environmental and occupational exposure should follow applicable regulations.