Dilacerations

Dilacerations refer to a developmental anomaly of the tooth root, characterized by an abnormal curve or angle in the root of a tooth. This condition occurs during tooth formation when the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, which guides root development, is subjected to trauma or mechanical force. The force can cause a break or distortion in the sheath, leading to a deviation in the direction of root growth.

The exact cause of dilaceration is often related to trauma to the primary tooth during development. This trauma can be a direct blow, or it can be a result of premature exfoliation, infection, or even pressure from an unerupted permanent tooth. The severity of the dilaceration can vary significantly, from a slight bend to a severe, sharply angled curvature.

Diagnosing dilacerations typically involves radiographic examination. X-rays can reveal the abnormal angulation or curvature of the root, which may not be apparent clinically. The presence of dilacerations can pose challenges during dental procedures, particularly endodontic treatment (root canals) and tooth extractions. The curved root anatomy can make it difficult to navigate instruments, clean and fill the root canal system effectively, and can increase the risk of root fracture during extraction. In some cases, dilacerated teeth may also be more prone to periodontal issues due to difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene around the abnormally shaped root.