dilaceration

Dilaceration is a developmental anomaly of the tooth characterized by an abnormal bend or curve in the root or crown of a tooth. This deviation from the normal straight or gently curved anatomy typically occurs during tooth formation. The cause of dilaceration is often trauma to the deciduous (baby) tooth while the permanent tooth is developing beneath it. This trauma can disrupt the normal growth and alignment of the developing permanent tooth germ. Other potential causes include infection, pressure from a neighboring tooth or cyst, or developmental disturbances.

The appearance of dilaceration can range from a slight bend to a severe curve or angulation. The affected area can be the root alone, the crown alone, or both. The severity of the dilaceration can influence the tooth's eruption path, potentially leading to impaction or abnormal eruption. Diagnosis is usually made through radiographic examination, such as dental X-rays, which clearly show the abnormal angulation.

Treatment for dilaceration depends on its severity and the tooth's functional status. Mild dilacerations may not require any intervention, especially if the tooth erupts normally and is healthy. However, significant dilacerations, particularly those affecting the root, can complicate dental procedures like root canal therapy or orthodontic treatment. In cases where the tooth is impacted or severely displaced, surgical exposure or extraction may be necessary.