Diglycerol

Diglycerol is a polyol that represents a class of compounds formed from two glycerol units. In industrial usage, the term often refers to mixtures of diglycerol isomers rather than a single defined compound, making it more of a structural family than a specific chemical species. Diglycerols are related to polyglycerol oligomers and can serve as intermediates in further chemical synthesis.

Production and occurrence typically involve the condensation of glycerol molecules under catalytic conditions, with removal of water. In practice, diglycerols appear as byproducts or intermediates in the manufacture of polyglycerol esters, polyether polyols, and related formulations. The exact linkage between the two glycerol units (for example, ether- or ester-type bonds) depends on the specific synthesis route and intended end use.

Physical properties of diglycerol vary with composition but generally include high hydrophilicity and substantial water miscibility or solubility. The substances tend to be viscous and hygroscopic, reflecting the multiple hydroxyl groups present in the molecule. They are typically handled as liquids or waxy solids at ambient conditions.

Applications for diglycerol and its oligomers are mainly in industrial and cosmetic contexts. They function as humectants and plasticizers, as building blocks for poly(glycerol) polymers, and as components in emulsifiers or formulation aids. In cosmetics and food-related contexts, they may contribute to moisture retention, texture, and stability.

Safety and handling follow standard practices for polyols. Diglycerols are generally regarded as having low toxicity relative to many industrial chemicals but can cause irritation in concentrated forms. Proper ventilation, personal protective equipment, and adherence to relevant regulatory guidance are recommended. See also glycerol, polyglycerol, and diglycerides.