Differenciális

Differenciális is the Hungarian term commonly used for a mechanical differential, a gear mechanism that divides torque and allows two output shafts to rotate at different speeds while receiving power from a single input. It is most familiar in road vehicles, where it permits the drive wheels to turn at unequal speeds during cornering, improving traction, handling and tire life.

The basic form uses a set of bevel or planetary gears: an input pinion drives a ring gear attached to a carrier that holds smaller “spider” gears which mesh with side (axle) gears. When both outputs encounter equal resistance the assembly rotates as a unit; when resistance differs the spider gears rotate on their axes to accommodate speed differences while conserving total torque distribution.

Differentials appear in several variants. Open differentials are simple and common but can send most torque to the wheel with least grip. Limited-slip differentials, locking differentials and torque-vectoring systems modify torque distribution to improve traction and performance. Differential designs are tailored for front-, rear- and all-wheel-drive layouts.

Applications extend beyond automobiles to off-road vehicles, agricultural machinery, industrial drives and some robotics. Regular maintenance typically involves checking seals, fluid level and gear condition. The mechanical differential complements electronic traction systems and remains a core component in many drivetrains since its early 19th-century development.