Desorbere

Desorbere is a term used to denote the desorption process in surface science, the release of adsorbed molecules from a solid surface back into the surrounding phase. It is the reverse of adsorption and plays a central role in catalysis, environmental science, and materials research, where it governs how contaminants, reactants, or intermediates depart from surfaces.

Desorbere can occur through several mechanisms. Thermal desorption arises from heating, which provides the energy to overcome binding to the surface. Photodesorption uses light to supply the energy or trigger reactive pathways. Chemical desorption involves reactions on or near the surface that produce species with weaker surface affinity, prompting release. Other routes include electrodesorption, mechanical perturbation, or changes in the chemical environment that destabilize adsorbed species.

Kinetics and modeling of desorbere depend on surface coverage, binding energy (desorption energy), and temperature. In simple terms, the desorption rate often follows r_des = k_d θ, with k_d described by Arrhenius behavior k_d = ν exp(-E_des/RT). Equilibrium with adsorption can be described by Langmuir-type relations for ideal surfaces, though real systems may exhibit more complex behavior due to heterogeneity and multilayer effects.

Measurement techniques include temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and desorption spectroscopy, which yield desorption energies and kinetics. Complementary methods such as quartz crystal microbalance or mass spectrometry detect desorbed species and monitor surface changes during experiments.

Applications of desorbere span catalyst and adsorbent regeneration, pollutant remediation on soils or activated carbon, sensor recovery, and chromatographic processes. Understanding desorbere helps optimize performance, control release of species, and interpret surface reactions across various disciplines. See also adsorption, desorption, desorption energy, surface science, and related kinetic models.