Deontológico

Deontológico refers to a type of ethical theory that judges the morality of an action based on whether the action itself is right or wrong under a set of rules or duties. It is contrasted with consequentialist theories, which determine the morality of an action based on its outcomes or consequences. In deontology, certain actions are intrinsically right or wrong, regardless of the results they may produce. For example, a deontological ethicist might argue that lying is always wrong, even if telling a lie could lead to a positive outcome.

The term "deontological" originates from the Greek word "deon," meaning duty or obligation. Key figures in deontological ethics include Immanuel Kant, whose work emphasizes the importance of universal moral laws and the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative suggests that one should act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. This principle implies that moral rules should be applicable to everyone, in all situations.

Deontological systems often focus on rights and duties. For instance, a duty not to harm others is a common deontological principle. The morality of an action is assessed by its adherence to these duties and obligations, rather than by its contribution to overall happiness or well-being. This approach can provide clear moral guidelines, but it can also face challenges when duties conflict or when adhering strictly to rules leads to undesirable outcomes.